Experimental Light Treatments Affect Invasion Success and the Impact of Microstegium vimineum on the Resident Community

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Luke Flory ◽  
Jennifer A. Rudgers ◽  
Keith Clay
Keyword(s):  
Invasion Success ◽  
Microstegium Vimineum ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Invasive freshwater snails form novel microbial relationships

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bankers ◽  
D. Dahan ◽  
M. Neiman ◽  
C. Adrian-Tucci ◽  
C. Frost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
New Associations ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
The Face ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Native Host ◽  
New Habitats

ABSTRACTResident microbes (microbiota) can shape host organismal function and adaptation in the face of environmental change. Invasion of new habitats exposes hosts to novel selection pressures, but little is known about the impact of invasion on microbiota and the host-microbiome relationship after this transition (e.g., how rapidly symbioses are formed, whether microbes influence invasion success). We used high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing of New Zealand (native) and European (invasive) populations of the freshwater snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum and found that while invaders do carry over some core microbial taxa from New Zealand, most of their microbial community is distinct. This finding highlights that invasions can result in the formation of novel symbioses. We further show that the native microbiome is composed of fewer core microbes than the microbiome of invasive snails, suggesting that the microbiota is streamlined to essential members. Together, our findings demonstrate that microbiota comparisons across native and invasive populations can reveal the impact of a long coevolutionary history and specialization of microbes in the native host range, as well as new associations occurring after invasion. We lay essential groundwork for understanding how microbial relationships affect invasion success and how microbes may be utilized in the control of invasive hosts.

scholarly journals Density-dependent behavioural interactions influence coexistence between a native and a non-native mesopredator

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eglė Jakubavičiūtė ◽  
Ulrika Candolin
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Spawning Habitat ◽  
Current Increase ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Behavioural Interactions ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe invasion of non-native species into an ecosystem can markedly alter the structure and functioning of the system. Yet, we have limited knowledge of the factors that determine invasion success. Behavioural interactions have been suggested as critical determinants of invasion success in animals, but the exact mechanisms are less well known. We investigated if density-dependent behavioural interactions could have facilitated the invasion of the shrimp Palaemon elegans into the spawning habitat of the threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus in the Baltic Sea. This was done by manipulating the densities of the two species in mesocosms. We found the stickleback to dominate behaviourally over the shrimp through higher aggression, but that the impact on the shrimp was density-dependent; a high density of sticklebacks increased aggressive interactions, which caused the shrimps to decrease their activity and restrict their habitat use to dense vegetation, while a low density of sticklebacks had no impact on the distribution and activity of the shrimps. The density of the shrimps had no impact on stickleback behaviour. These results suggest that the present density of the stickleback has allowed the invasion of the shrimp into the habitat. However, a current increase in stickleback abundance caused by human-induced ecological disturbances could limit the further expansion of the shrimp. Thus, our results indicate that a behavioural mechanism–density-dependent aggression–can influence invasion success and subsequent population expansion. At a broader level, our results stress the importance of considering density-dependent behavioural interactions when investigating the mechanisms behind invasion success.

scholarly journals Editorial: Understanding the Impact and Invasion Success of Aquatic Non-native Species: How They Interact With Novel Environments and Native Biota

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Serhan Tarkan ◽  
Baran Yoğurtçuoğlu ◽  
Paraskevi K. Karachle ◽  
Eleni Kalogianni ◽  
Nildeniz Top Karakuş ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Novel Environments ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The impact of invader number on whole community invasions in biomethane-producing communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawel Sierocinski ◽  
Jesica Soria Pascual ◽  
Daniel Padfield ◽  
Mike Salter ◽  
Angus Buckling
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Species Invasions ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Microbes can invade as whole communities, but the ecology of whole community invasions are poorly understood. Here, we investigate how invader frequency affects the composition and function of invaded laboratory methanogenic communities. An invading community was equally successful at establishing itself in a resident community regardless of initial invader frequency, which varied between 0.01 and 10%. Invasion resulted in enhanced biogas production (to the level of the pure invading community), but only when invader frequency was 1% or greater. This inconsistency between invasion success and changes in function can be explained by a lower number of invading taxa (but not individuals) at lower initial invader frequencies, and an important functional role of the taxa that were absent. Our results highlight that whole community invasion ecology cannot simply be extrapolated from our understanding of single species invasions. Moreover, we show that methane production can be enhanced by invading poorly performing reactors with a better performing community at levels that may be practical in industrial settings.

scholarly journals Invasive Species Impact: Direct and Indirect Interactions Between Two Stream Snails and Their Algal Resources

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Leslie Riley ◽  
Mark Dybdahl ◽  
Robert Hall, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Indirect Interactions ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Limited Growth ◽  
Grazing Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Invasive Species Impact

We measured the strength of direct and indirect interactions in order to develop a standardized estimate of the impact of an invasive snail on its resource and a competitor. The freshwater New Zealand snail, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, an invasive species in the western U.S., is the most abundant benthic macroinvertebrate grazer in several rivers, where it overlaps with several threatened endemic snails. In one watershed, Potamopyrgus coexists with the snail, Pyrgulopsis robusta, which may be affected by resource competition with Potamopyrgus. In field enclosure experiments, we quantified the direct grazing effect of snails on algae and the indirect effects between consumers. Potamopyrgus significantly limited growth of Pyrgulopsis. In contrast, Pyrgulopsis appeared to facilitate growth of the invasive snail (Potamopyrgus). In natural populations, snail densities were positively correlated over five sites, but negatively correlated at two downstream sites. Interaction strengths between snails and algae were equivalent for both snails at both sites, indicating that invasion success could not be attributed to differences in resource acquisition. However, the overall impact of the invader was much higher at the downstream site when both snail abundance and interaction strengths were considered. Negative individual effects of Potamopyrgus at two trophic levels in conjunction with high Potamopyrgus abundance demonstrated a significant impact of the invader in this lotic community.

scholarly journals Microbiota differences of the comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi in native and invasive sub-populations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Jaspers ◽  
Nancy Weiland-Bräuer ◽  
Martin Fischer ◽  
Sven Künzel ◽  
Ruth A. Schmitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Mnemiopsis Leidyi ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Non Indigenous Species ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTThe translocation of non-indigenous species around the world, especially in marine systems, is a matter of concern for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem functioning. While specific traits are often recognized to influence establishment success of non-indigenous species, the impact of the associated microbial community for the fitness, performance and invasion success of basal marine metazoans remains vastly unknown. In this study we compared the microbiota community composition of the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in different native and invasive sub-populations along with characterization of the genetic structure of the host. By 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing we showed that the sister group to all metazoans, namely ctenophores, harbored a distinct microbiota on the animal host, which significantly differed across two major tissues, namely epidermis and gastrodermis. Additionally, we identified significant differences between native and invasive sub-populations of M. leidyi, which indicate, that the microbiota community is likely influenced by the genotypic background of the ctenophore. To test the hypothesis that the microbiota is genotypically selected for by the ctenophore host, experiments under controlled environments are required.

Formation of Lunar Craters and Bright Rays as a Result of Meteorite Impacts

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
K. P. Stanyukovich ◽  
V. A. Bronshten
Keyword(s):  
Explosive Charge ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Meteorite Impacts ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Lunar Craters ◽  
The Impact

The phenomena accompanying the impact of large meteorites on the surface of the Moon or of the Earth can be examined on the basis of the theory of explosive phenomena if we assume that, instead of an exploding meteorite moving inside the rock, we have an explosive charge (equivalent in energy), situated at a certain distance under the surface.

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Apply Geophysics ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

Asteroid and Comet Impact Speeds upon Mars: Significance for Panspermia and the Supply of Organics

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Steel
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWhilst lithopanspermia depends upon massive impacts occurring at a speed above some limit, the intact delivery of organic chemicals or other volatiles to a planet requires the impact speed to be below some other limit such that a significant fraction of that material escapes destruction. Thus the two opposite ends of the impact speed distributions are the regions of interest in the bioastronomical context, whereas much modelling work on impacts delivers, or makes use of, only the mean speed. Here the probability distributions of impact speeds upon Mars are calculated for (i) the orbital distribution of known asteroids; and (ii) the expected distribution of near-parabolic cometary orbits. It is found that cometary impacts are far more likely to eject rocks from Mars (over 99 percent of the cometary impacts are at speeds above 20 km/sec, but at most 5 percent of the asteroidal impacts); paradoxically, the objects impacting at speeds low enough to make organic/volatile survival possible (the asteroids) are those which are depleted in such species.

Organic Syntheses During the Impact of a Comet with a Gaseous Planet

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
Cesare Guaita ◽  
Roberto Crippa ◽  
Federico Manzini
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Material ◽  
Molecular Form ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Blue Filter ◽  
Organic Syntheses ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA large amount of CO has been detected above many SL9/Jupiter impacts. This gas was never detected before the collision. So, in our opinion, CO was released from a parent compound during the collision. We identify this compound as POM (polyoxymethylene), a formaldehyde (HCHO) polymer that, when suddenly heated, reformes monomeric HCHO. At temperatures higher than 1200°K HCHO cannot exist in molecular form and the most probable result of its decomposition is the formation of CO. At lower temperatures, HCHO can react with NH3 and/or HCN to form high UV-absorbing polymeric material. In our opinion, this kind of material has also to be taken in to account to explain the complex evolution of some SL9 impacts that we observed in CCD images taken with a blue filter.

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